江东的笔记

Be overcome difficulties is victory

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学生信息管理系统

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学生信息管理系统可分为七大模块来讲解

学生信息管理系统基本理解

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系统业务流程

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系统开发环境

·操作系统：Win10

·Python解释器版本：Python3.8

·开发工具：PyCharm

·Python内置模块：os，re

·系统主界面运行效果图如下：

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主函数数设计流程

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由函数图得出函数基本骨架

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def main():
    while True:
        menm()
        choice = int(input("请输入"))
        if choice in [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]:
            if choice == 0:
                answer = input("您确定退出系统吗？y/n")
                if answer == "y" or answer == "Y":
                    print("谢谢使用")
                    break
                else:
                    continue
            elif choice == 1:
                insert()  # 录入学生信息
            elif choice == 2:
                search()
            elif choice == 3:
                delete()
            elif choice == 4:
                modify
            elif choice == 5:
                sort()
            elif choice == 6:
                total()
            elif choice == 7:
                show()

def menm():
    print("=======================学生信息管理系统=====================")
    print("=======================功能菜单===========================")
    print("\t\t\t\t\t1.录入学生信息")
    print("\t\t\t\t\t2.查找学生信息")
    print("\t\t\t\t\t3.删除学生信息")
    print("\t\t\t\t\t4.修改学生信息")
    print("\t\t\t\t\t5.排序")
    print("\t\t\t\t\t6.统计学生总人数")
    print("\t\t\t\t\t7.显示所有学生信息")
    print("\t\t\t\t\t0.退出")

def insert():
    pass

def search():
    pass

def delete():
    pass

def modify():
    pass

def sort():
    pass

def total():
    pass

def show():
    pass

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

录入学生信息

业务流程

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代码如下

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def insert():
    student_list = []
    while True:
        id = input("请输入id：")
        if not id:
            break
        name = input("请输入姓名：")
        if not name:
            break
        try:
            english = int(input("请输入英语成绩"))
            python = int(input("请输入python成绩："))
            java = int(input("请输入java成绩："))
        except:
            print("输入无效，不是整数类型，请重新输入：")
            continue
        # 将录入的成绩保存到字典中
        student = {"id": id, "name": name, "english": english, "python": python, "java": java}
        # 将学生信息添加到列表中
        student_list.append(student)
        answer = input("是否继续相加")
        if answer == "y":
            continue
        else:
            break
    # 调用save函数
    save(student_list)
    print("学生信息录入完毕！！！！")


def save(lst):
    try:
        stu_txt = open(filename, "a", encoding="utf-8")
    except:
        stu_txt = open(filename, "w", encoding = "utf-8")
    for item in lst:
        stu_txt.write(str(item) + "\n")
    stu_txt.close()

删除学生信息

业务流程

在这里插入图片描述

代码如下

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def delete():
    while True:
        student_id=input("请输入要删除学生的id：")
        if student_id!="":
            if os.path.exists(filename):
                with open(filename,"r",encoding="utf-8")as file:
                    student_old=file.readlines()
            else:
                student_old=[]
            flag=False   #标记是否删除
            if student_old:
                with open(filename,"w",encoding="utf-8") as wfile:
                    d={}
                    for item in student_old:
                        d=dict(eval(item))   #将字符串转换为字典
                        if d["id"]!=student_id:
                            wfile.write(str(d)+"\n")
                        else:
                            flag=True
                    if flag:
                        print(f"id为{student_id}的学生信息已被删除")
                    else:
                        print(f"没有找到id为{student_id}的学生信息")
            else:
                print("无学生信息")
                break
            show()    #删除之后要重新显示学生信息
            answer=input("是否继续删除？y/n")
            if answer=="y":
                continue
            else:
                break

修改学生信息

业务流程图

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代码如下

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def modify():
    show()
    if os.path.exists(filename):
        with open(filename,"r",encoding="utf-8") as rfile:
            student_old=rfile.readlines()
    else:
        return
    student_id=input("请输入要修改学生的id：")
    with open(filename,"w",encoding="utf-8") as wfile:
        for item in student_old:
            d=dict(eval(item))
            if d["id"]==student_id:
                print("找到学生信息了，可以修改相关信息了！")
                while True:
                    try:
                        d["name"]=input("请输入姓名：")
                        d["english"]=input("请输入英语成绩:")
                        d["python"]=input("请输入Python成绩：")
                        d["java"]=input("请输入java成绩：")
                    except:
                        print("您输入有误，请重新输入！！！")
                    else:
                        break
                wfile.write(str(d)+"\n")
                print("修改成功！！！")
            else:
                wfile.write(str(d)+"\n")
        answer=input("是否要继续修改其他学生信息？y/n")
        if answer=="y":
            modify()

查找学生信息功能

业务流程图

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代码如下

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def search():
    student_query = []
    while True:
        id = ""
        name = ""
        if os.path.exists(filename):
            mode = input("按id查找请输入1，按姓名查找请输入2：")
            if mode == "1":
                id = input("请输入学生id：")
            elif mode == "2":
                name = input("请输入学生的姓名：")
            else:
                print("您的输入有误，请重新输入")
                search()
            with open(filename, "r", encoding="utf-8") as rfile:
                student = rfile.readlines()
                for item in student:
                    d = dict(eval(item))
                    if id != "":
                        if d["id"] == id:
                            student_query.append(d)
                    elif name != "":
                        if d["name"] == name:
                            student_query.append(d)
            # 显示查询结果
            show_student(student_query)
            # 清空列表
            student_query.clear()
            anser = input("是否要继续查询？y/n\n")
            if anser == "y":
                continue
            else:
                break
        else:
            print("暂未保存学员信息")
            return
def show_student(lst):
    if len(lst) == 0:
        print("没查到学生信息，无数据显示！！！")
        return
    # 定义标准的显示格式
    format_title = "{:^6}\t{:^12}\t{:^8}\t{:^01}\t{:^10}\t{:^8}"
    print(format_title.format("ID", "姓名", "英语成绩","python成绩", "java成绩", "总成绩"))
    # 定义内容的显示格式
    format_data = "{:^6}\t{:^12}\t{:^8}\t{:^10}\t{:^10}\t{:^8}"
    for item in lst:
        print(format_data.format(item.get("id"),
                                 item.get("name"),
                                 item.get("english"),
                                 item.get("python"),
                                 item.get("java"),
                                 int(item.get("english")) + int(item.get("python")) + int(item.get("java"))
                                 ))

统计学生总人数

业务流程图

在这里插入图片描述

代码如下

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def total():
    if os.path.exists(filename):
        with open(filename,"r",encoding="utf-8") as rfile:
            student=rfile.readlines()
            if student:
                print(f"一共有{len(student)}名学生")
            else:
                print("还没有录入学生信息")
    else:
        print("暂未保存数据信息.....")

排序

业务流程图

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代码如下

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def sort():
    show()
    if os.path.exists(filename):
        with open(filename,"r",encoding="utf-8") as rfile:
            student_list=rfile.readlines()
        student_new=[]
        for item in student_list:
            d=dict(eval(item))
            student_new.append(d)
    else:
        return
    asc_or_desc=input("请选择（0.升序  1.降序）：")
    if asc_or_desc=="0":
        asc_or_desc_bool=False
    elif asc_or_desc=="1":
        asc_or_desc_bool=True
    else:
        print("您的输入有误，请重新输入")
        sort()
    mode=input("请选择排序方式（1，按英语成绩排序  2，按python程序排序  3，按Java程序排序  0，按照总程序排序）")
    if mode=="1":
        student_new.sort(key=lambda x:int(x["english"]),reverse=asc_or_desc_bool)
    elif mode=="2":
        student_new.sort(key=lambda x:int(x["python"]),reverse=asc_or_desc_bool)
    elif mode=="3":
        student_new.sort(key=lambda x:int(x["java"]),reverse=asc_or_desc_bool)
    elif mode=="0":
        student_new.sort(key=lambda x: int(x["english"])+int(x["python"])+int(x["java"]),reverse=asc_or_desc_bool)
    else:
        print("您的输入有误，请从新输入：")
        sort()
    show_student(student_new)

显示所有学生信息

业务图

在这里插入图片描述

代码如下

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def show():
    student_lst=[]
    if os.path.exists(filename):
        with open(filename,"r",encoding="utf-8") as rfile:
            student=rfile.readlines()
            for item in student:
                student_lst.append(eval(item))
                if student_lst:
                    show_student(student_lst)
    else:
        print("暂未保存过数据！！")

最后得出这个工程完整的代码

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#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# author:杜小皮
# datetime:2021/1/30 10:12
# software: PyCharm
import os  # 删除操作导入os模块

filename = "student.txt"


def main():
    while True:
        menm()
        choice = int(input("请输入"))
        if choice in [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]:
            if choice == 0:
                answer = input("您确定退出系统吗？y/n")
                if answer == "y" or answer == "Y":
                    print("谢谢使用")
                    break
                else:
                    continue
            elif choice == 1:
                insert()  # 录入学生信息
            elif choice == 2:
                search()
            elif choice == 3:
                delete()
            elif choice == 4:
                modify()
            elif choice == 5:
                sort()
            elif choice == 6:
                total()
            elif choice == 7:
                show()


def menm():
    print("=======================学生信息管理系统=====================")
    print("=======================功能菜单===========================")
    print("\t\t\t\t\t1.录入学生信息")
    print("\t\t\t\t\t2.查找学生信息")
    print("\t\t\t\t\t3.删除学生信息")
    print("\t\t\t\t\t4.修改学生信息")
    print("\t\t\t\t\t5.排序")
    print("\t\t\t\t\t6.统计学生总人数")
    print("\t\t\t\t\t7.显示所有学生信息")
    print("\t\t\t\t\t0.退出")


def insert():
    student_list = []
    while True:
        id = input("请输入id：")
        if not id:
            break
        name = input("请输入姓名：")
        if not name:
            break

        try:
            english = int(input("请输入英语成绩"))
            python = int(input("请输入python成绩："))
            java = int(input("请输入java成绩："))
        except:
            print("输入无效，不是整数类型，请重新输入：")
            continue
        # 将录入的成绩保存到字典中
        student = {"id": id, "name": name, "english": english, "python": python, "java": java}
        # 将学生信息添加到列表中
        student_list.append(student)
        answer = input("是否继续相加")
        if answer == "y":
            continue
        else:
            break
    # 调用save函数
    save(student_list)
    print("学生信息录入完毕！！！！")


def save(lst):
    try:
        stu_txt = open(filename, "a", encoding="utf-8")
    except:
        stu_txt = open(filename, "w", encoding="utf-8")
    for item in lst:
        stu_txt.write(str(item) + "\n")
    stu_txt.close()


def search():
    student_query = []
    while True:
        id = ""
        name = ""
        if os.path.exists(filename):
            mode = input("按id查找请输入1，按姓名查找请输入2：")
            if mode == "1":
                id = input("请输入学生id：")
            elif mode == "2":
                name = input("请输入学生的姓名：")
            else:
                print("您的输入有误，请重新输入")
                search()
            with open(filename, "r", encoding="utf-8") as rfile:
                student = rfile.readlines()
                for item in student:
                    d = dict(eval(item))
                    if id != "":
                        if d["id"] == id:
                            student_query.append(d)
                    elif name != "":
                        if d["name"] == name:
                            student_query.append(d)
            # 显示查询结果
            show_student(student_query)
            # 清空列表
            student_query.clear()
            anser = input("是否要继续查询？y/n\n")
            if anser == "y":
                continue
            else:
                break
        else:
            print("暂未保存学员信息")
            return


def show_student(lst):
    if len(lst) == 0:
        print("没查到学生信息，无数据显示！！！")
        return
    # 定义标准的显示格式
    format_title = "{:^6}\t{:^12}\t{:^8}\t{:^01}\t{:^10}\t{:^8}"
    print(format_title.format("ID", "姓名", "英语成绩","python成绩", "java成绩", "总成绩"))
    # 定义内容的显示格式
    format_data = "{:^6}\t{:^12}\t{:^8}\t{:^10}\t{:^10}\t{:^8}"
    for item in lst:
        print(format_data.format(item.get("id"),
                                 item.get("name"),
                                 item.get("english"),
                                 item.get("python"),
                                 item.get("java"),
                                 int(item.get("english")) + int(item.get("python")) + int(item.get("java"))
                                 ))


def delete():
    while True:
        student_id = input("请输入要删除学生的id：")
        if student_id != "":
            if os.path.exists(filename):
                with open(filename, "r", encoding="utf-8")as file:
                    student_old = file.readlines()
            else:
                student_old = []
            flag = False  # 标记是否删除
            if student_old:
                with open(filename, "w", encoding="utf-8") as wfile:
                    d = {}
                    for item in student_old:
                        d = dict(eval(item))  # 将字符串转换为字典
                        if d["id"] != student_id:
                            wfile.write(str(d) + "\n")
                        else:
                            flag = True
                    if flag:
                        print(f"id为{student_id}的学生信息已被删除")
                    else:
                        print(f"没有找到id为{student_id}的学生信息")
            else:
                print("无学生信息")
                break
            show()  # 删除之后要重新显示学生信息
            answer = input("是否继续删除？y/n")
            if answer == "y":
                continue
            else:
                break


def modify():
    show()
    if os.path.exists(filename):
        with open(filename, "r", encoding="utf-8") as rfile:
            student_old = rfile.readlines()
    else:
        return
    student_id = input("请输入要修改学生的id：")
    with open(filename, "w", encoding="utf-8") as wfile:
        for item in student_old:
            d = dict(eval(item))
            if d["id"] == student_id:
                print("找到学生信息了，可以修改相关信息了！")
                while True:
                    try:
                        d["name"] = input("请输入姓名：")
                        d["english"] = input("请输入英语成绩:")
                        d["python"] = input("请输入Python成绩：")
                        d["java"] = input("请输入java成绩：")
                    except:
                        print("您输入有误，请重新输入！！！")
                    else:
                        break
                wfile.write(str(d) + "\n")
                print("修改成功！！！")
            else:
                wfile.write(str(d) + "\n")
        answer = input("是否要继续修改其他学生信息？y/n")
        if answer == "y":
            modify()


def sort():
    show()
    if os.path.exists(filename):
        with open(filename,"r",encoding="utf-8") as rfile:
            student_list=rfile.readlines()
        student_new=[]
        for item in student_list:
            d=dict(eval(item))
            student_new.append(d)
    else:
        return
    asc_or_desc=input("请选择（0.升序  1.降序）：")
    if asc_or_desc=="0":
        asc_or_desc_bool=False
    elif asc_or_desc=="1":
        asc_or_desc_bool=True
    else:
        print("您的输入有误，请重新输入")
        sort()
    mode=input("请选择排序方式（1，按英语成绩排序  2，按python程序排序  3，按Java程序排序  0，按照总程序排序）")
    if mode=="1":
        student_new.sort(key=lambda x:int(x["english"]),reverse=asc_or_desc_bool)
    elif mode=="2":
        student_new.sort(key=lambda x:int(x["python"]),reverse=asc_or_desc_bool)
    elif mode=="3":
        student_new.sort(key=lambda x:int(x["java"]),reverse=asc_or_desc_bool)
    elif mode=="0":
        student_new.sort(key=lambda x: int(x["english"])+int(x["python"])+int(x["java"]),reverse=asc_or_desc_bool)
    else:
        print("您的输入有误，请从新输入：")
        sort()
    show_student(student_new)


def total():
    if os.path.exists(filename):
        with open(filename,"r",encoding="utf-8") as rfile:
            student=rfile.readlines()
            if student:
                print(f"一共有{len(student)}名学生")
            else:
                print("还没有录入学生信息")
    else:
        print("暂未保存数据信息.....")


def show():
    student_lst=[]
    if os.path.exists(filename):
        with open(filename,"r",encoding="utf-8") as rfile:
            student=rfile.readlines()
            for item in student:
                student_lst.append(eval(item))
                if student_lst:
                    show_student(student_lst)
    else:
        print("暂未保存过数据！！")


if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()